Land contamination refers to the presence of hazardous substances in soil, groundwater, or surface water that can pose risks to human health, wildlife, and the environment. This contamination often results from industrial activities, agricultural practices, improper waste disposal, and accidental spills. As urbanization and industrial expansion continue, addressing land contamination becomes a crucial task for ensuring a safe and sustainable environment. Common Causes of Land Contamination Industrial Pollution – Manufacturing plants, refineries, and chemical processing industries often discharge harmful substances into the soil and water. Agricultural Chemicals – Pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers can accumulate in the soil, leading to contamination over time. Waste Disposal – Improper disposal of hazardous waste, including landfill leakage, can severely pollute the land. Oil Spills and Leaks – Accidental spills from pipelines, s...